Abnormal fetal CTG

Obstetrics defines cardiotocography (CTG) as a technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester. The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph, more commonly known as an electronic fetal monitor or external fetal monitor (EFM). CTG can be used to identify signs of fetal distress.

This technology has become very helpful to determine possible fetal problems even the baby is still in the womb. However, CTG is not used in diagnosing but only to determine fetal distress.

Abnormal CTG happens when there are differences in fetal heartbeat that may increase the possibility of having Cesarean section delivery. However, to be more definitive, a sample of small blood from the baby is obtained and analyzed for possible oxygen saturation.

If the blood analysis confirms fetal distress, actions taken depend on the degree of abnormality. If the reflected distress is only mild, action such as changing the position of the mother, stopping or reducing the rate of oxytocin infusion and giving oxygen to the mother may be all that is required.

If however, a significant distress is determined, then delivery by the quickest means possible will be carried out. This may be a cesarean section but it may also be by forceps or ventouse vaginal delivery, if this is feasible.

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